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AO-27 SATELLITE HISTORY PAGE
 


Photo of AMRAD-OSCAR 27

AMRAD-OSCAR 27
(EYESAT-1)


Spacecraft Summary

OSCAR Designation:  AMRAD-OSCAR 27     Oscar Number:  AO-27    
International Designator:  1993-061C     Norad Number:  22825    
Common Name:  EYESAT-1     Satellite Type:  Microsatellite    
Launch Date:  26 September, 1993     Launch Location:  Kourou, French Guiana    
Launch Vehicle:  Ariane 4     Apogee:  800.00    
Perigee:  789.00     Inclination:  98.27    
Period:  100.76     Dimensions:  ~25cm cube    
Weight:  11.800 Kg    
Organization: AMRAD/Interferometrics


Frequency Information
 
Mode V/U (J) FM Voice Repeater: Operational
Uplink: 145.8500 MHz FM
Downlink 436.7950 MHz FM

Weekly Satellite Report

The latest information on AO-27 from control operator Michael Wyrick, N3UC (former N4USI), can be found at:
http://www.ao27.org

An AO-27 question-and-answer page is available on the AMSAT-NA web site, with updates by Ray, W2RS. The URL is:
http://www.amsat.org/amsat/intro/ao27faq.html.

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On July 1st, 2007 during the 20:00 UTC pass over North America, AO-27 was again providing a new round of enjoyment for Amateur satellite experimenters. Thirteen years ago, AO-27, which coined the term "Easy Sat" by employing an FM bent pipe in space, provided many hams the ability to use a satellite without the expense of multi mode radios.

This time around, AO-27 was used to provide the first D-Star via Satellite contact between Michael, N3UC, FM-18 in Haymarket VA and Robin, AA4RC, EM-73 in Atlanta GA. Signals were reported as strong and easy to copy. Call signs were received digitally on both sides of the link. Communications were possible for most of the pass. Both Robin and Michael were surprised at just how well the digital link was received.

The Analogue repeater on-board AO-27 is well suited for D-Star work. The radios were designed to pass 1200-19200 baud GMSK data. The Analogue mode was not a primary mode of operation in the design. Using a free switch setting in the switching board, the design team hooked up the output of the receiver to the input the transmitter to create the Analogue mode. There is not the normal low frequency filtering that is found in normal FM Repeaters. This means the Analogue mode passes the low frequencies required by D-Star.

The equipment for the contact were IC-2200s on the Uplink at both N3UC and AA4RC, an IC-2820 on the downlink at N3UC, and an IC-91AD on the downlink at AA4RC. Doppler shift did prove to be a minor problem while using these radios. The D-Star signal would decode out to about 1.5 KHz in frequency error. The IC-2820 would only tune on 5 KHz spacing (the 6.25 KHz channels did not fall in the right locations to help.) so at times we could not decode the digital signals.

For others that want to try D-Star via Satellite we have a few things to keep in mind.

1) Remember that the FM users can't hear you on the bird.
They hear a strong "noise" but can't decode you. So please keep the D-Star transmitting short.
If you can monitor the FM side, you can time your transmitting as to not step on them.
Please try to schedule with other D-Star users instead of calling CQ for the entire pass.

2) Watch the doppler, at times you may not be able to decode a signal even if the other station can decode you.
Keep your uplink on 145.850 for the entire pass. Program your radio call signs the same as for simplex, AO-27 does not have a D-Star call sign. You don't need to set up your radio for repeater use.

3) Before using other satellites besides AO-27, please check with the control operators of those satellites. Every
FM satellite may not pass the D-Star signal nor may the control operators wish to have D-Star traffic on the bird.

4) If you here us on the Bird, please give us a call. We would love to have as many D-Star users on AO-27 as possible.


The AO-27 Control Operators fully support and encourage the use of D-Star via Satellite on AO-27.

Michael
N3UC
AO-27 Control Operator

Detailed Description

AMRAD/EYESAT-1 was one of six satellites that was launched together on a Ariane V59 rocket from French Guiana at approximately 0147 UTC, 26 September 1993. The amateur payload of EYESAT-1 was later designated AMRAD-OSCAR 27 once in orbit. The launch included the German Stella Laser Reflector, Healthsat-II, PoSAT-1, and amateur satellites KITSAT-OSCAR-25 (KO-25) and Italy-OSCAR-26 (IO-26).

Please note - SpaceTrack wrongly identifies this satellite as KitSat B.

AO-27 is a secondary amateur communications payload carried aboard the EYESAT-1 experimental MICROSAT satellite built by Interferometrics Inc. of Chantilly, Virginia. The commercial side of the spacecraft's mission is the experimental monitoring of mobile industrial equipment.

The amateur equipment aboard the satellite was constructed by members of AMRAD, a technically oriented, non-profit organization of radio amateurs based in the Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C., to meet the needs of amateurs for a platform to conduct digital satellite communications experiments.

AO-27 is an "FM Repeater" in space. It essentially consists of a crystal controlled FM receiver operation at 145.850 MHz and a crystal controlled FM transmitter operating at approximately 436.795 MHz. Output power of the transmitter can be set to over 1 watt (rarely used), 0.5 watts (normal operation), or under 0.1 watts (exciter only). The uplink antenna is the linear polarized whip on the top face of the spacecraft and is shared with the commercial payload's receivers. The downlink antenna is a 1/4 wave whip mounted on the bottom face of the spacecraft. Polarization is nominally linear, the rotation and revolution of the spacecraft and propagation effects will cause the actual signal polarization at a ground station to vary widely during a pass.

Because of the satellite's limited power budget and a desire to maintain sufficient battery capacity for as many years as possible, the amateur transmitter on AO-27 is on for only part of the daylight portion of each orbit. As of September 1998, the satellite passed its five year design goal with minimal signs of battery degradation, so this operating philosophy appears to have been successful.

AO-27 is available on daylight passes over the Northern Hemisphere. The "TEPR" States describe the amount of time (in minutes) when the spacecraft enters and leaves sunlight. TEPR numbers are adjusted every few months to account for the seasonal North/South movement of the latitudes where AO-27 enters and exits sunlight. Chuck Wyrick, N1UC (formerly KM4NZ), provides an Explanation of TEPR States. Most tracking programs will provide a reading or display the necessary info to predict if AO-27 will be "on" during a pass.


For further information about AMRAD contact:

AMRAD
P.O. Drawer 6148
McLean, Virginia, USA, 22106-6148
http://www.amrad.org


Reference Documents:

  • AO-27 WEBSITEe (http://www.ao27.org)
  • John Hansen, "New Satellites in Orbit," The AMSAT Journal, Vol. 16, No. 5, Sep/Oct 1993, p. 1.
  • Steve Ford, "AMRAD Oscar 27," QST, Dec 1993, p. 107.

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